The Political and Doctrinal Changes in Egypt during the Fatimid and Ayyubid Eras, and their Effects on the Persian Scholars Moving to Egypt (358- 648 AH / 968- 1250 AD)

This research sheds light on the political and doctrinal changes in Egypt during an important period in its history: the era of the Fatimid and Ayyubid states. The research studies the movement of Persian scholars from Persia to Egypt in that period, and their substantial role in the religious and cultural aspects through their contribution to various transport and mental sciences. The aim of the research is to study the role of Persian scholars after they moved from Persia to Egypt under the two states, and their great role in contributing to support the policy of the two states. The study follows quantitative, statistical and analytical approaches in interpreting the statistical results of the study. This paper concluded with several findings, the most important of which is that the Sunni sect prevailed in Egypt before the advent of the Fatimids; the number of adherents of the sect decreased greatly, and it was no longer the majority sect during the Fatimid era, until the Sunni sect regained its position during the Ayyubid era. The study also showed that the real impact on the political and doctrinal situation in Egypt during the Fatimid era did not affect the course of the movement of Persian scholars to Egypt. The research also showed that the migration of Persian scholars and their settlement in Egypt was primarily for political and doctrinal reasons, and not for purely scientific reasons.