Resilience and its association with the Big-Five personality factors among three samples of Lebanese, displaced Syrians in Lebanon, and Palestinian refugees.

Psychological resilience is an individual's ability to deal with problems, overcome difficulties, and withstand pressure. It entails adapting to challenging experiences by utilizing mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility. This study aimed, in general, to investigate psychological resilience in three Arab samples facing unfavorable life circumstances: displaced Syrian people in Lebanon, Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, and Lebanese citizens. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience and the Big Five personality factors. The study sample consisted of 375 individuals representing the three nationalities and both genders. They responded to the "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale", as well as the Arabic version of the Big Five Personality Factors. Palestinians exhibited the highest level of resilience, with Palestinians being more resilient than Syrians. The average level of resilience among Syrian females was higher than that of Syrian males. Regarding personality factors, there were no statistically significant differences between the samples in terms of extraversion. However, the Syrian sample showed a higher level of neuroticism compared to the Lebanese sample. The average scores for the factors of agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were higher for the combined female samples compared to males. Correlation analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between resilience and the following factors across the study samples: extraversion (positive correlation in four samples), neuroticism (negative correlation in four samples), openness to experience (positive correlation in all samples), agreeableness (positive correlation in four samples), and conscientiousness (positive correlation in all samples). Principal components analysis in extracted a single factor in the three samples, combining positive personality factors and resilience (Palestinian sample), resilience versus neuroticism (Lebanese and Syrian samples). The researchers suggested working on improving the living conditions for these samples, as well as developing a guidance program aimed at enhancing the level of their psychological resilience.