The interaction between the Egyptian and Greek civilizations until the first century BC.

The traceability of interaction between the pharaonic civilization and its Greek counterpart is important. This interaction can be observed in ancient history from three aspects of research: the communication centers between Egyptians and Greeks during the second half of the first millennium BC; the most prominent figures who transmitted Egyptian knowledge in many diverse fields of Greek culture; and, finally, the interaction between the two civilizations and its historical development until the first century BC. It is this last aspect that this study focuses on, which is related to the historical development of relations between the Egyptian and Greek civilizations.
The importance of this topic lies in the fact that it helps in understanding the path of human civilization and its development throughout history, as the pharaonic state represented an essential link in the chain of this development, and perhaps the most important of them because of its foundational and principled role in human construction in many branches of human knowledge, whether in science, arts or literature, where the pharaonic civilization was characterized by what can be expressed in the concept of originality in knowledge.
Therefore, this study traced the development of interaction between the Egyptian and Greek civilizations through the ancient periods to the first century BC, focusing on specific cases such as the treasure of El-Tod dated to the Middle Kingdom, the Minoan mural scene at Tell al-Dabaa dated to the Thutmoside period at the very beginning of the New Kingdom, and the scenes of the Keftiu delegations on the walls of private tombs in the New Kingdom in Thebes.
These relation were then intensified with the great entry of Greek mercenaries, merchants and scholars into Egypt during the Saite period and beyond.